北宋末年至南宋初年阵法及其影响

Tactical development of troops and its influencein the last years of Northern Song dynasty and the early years of Southern Song dynasty

北宋自太宗朝起,统治者就对阵法高度重视并不断加以建设,以期取得对外作战的胜利。北宋末年,当政者抱残守缺,以防范武将为己任,最终酿成靖康之祸。南宋初年,宋高宗企图通过继承和沿用北宋诸帝授阵图的传统,实现"将从中御"的祖宗家法。然而在消极防御国防战略和"将从中御"的祖宗家法的影响下,阵法创制流于形式,预授阵图成为统治者控制武将的重要手段,在战场上造成了极大的危害。在激烈的战争环境下,南宋武将很大程度上摆脱了控制,并自创适合与金军作战的阵法,取得了战场上的胜利。宋金议和后,"将从中御"的祖宗家法再次发挥作用,南宋初名将云集的局面不复出现。

Since emperor Song Taizong of the Northern Song dynasty, the rulers had highly valued and constantly constructed the tactical development of troops and expected to win victory. However, at the end of Northern Song dynasty, the rulers were conservative and guarded against generals, which led to the Jing kang calamity. In the early years of the Southern Song dynasty, emperor Song Gaozong attempted to observe the ancestor domestic discipline -- ＂Jiang Cong Zhong Yu＂ by inheriting and continuing using the system of battle formations employed by the emperors of Northern Song dynasty. However, under the influence of passive defense strategy and the domestic discipline, the tactical development of troops became a formality and system of battle formations just became an important tool which was used to control generals by the rulers, which led to great harm in the war. In the fierce war environment, the generals were largely out of control, created the appropriate tactical development of troops to fight with Jin＇s army and won victories. Besides, after the negotiation of Song and Jin, the domestic discipline played a role again and the generals aggression of the early years of South Song dynasty no longer appeared.