晋北古村镇佛教信仰与民俗生活——以云冈镇吴官屯村佛教信仰为例

The Buddhist Belief and Folk Life in Ancient Villages and Towns in Northern Shanxi——Take the Buddhism Belief of the Village of Wuguantun in Yungang County as an Example

晋北作为我国北方汉民族最早接触佛教的地区,对于接受异民族宗教有着得天独厚的自然地理条件和相对宽松的人文环境,其中该区域古村镇民众又是最先接纳佛教的特定群体。本文以晋北地区佛教圣地云冈石窟为中心,选取云冈石窟所在地云冈镇吴官屯村为研究对象,通过进行深入的田野调查,试图从整体上对古村镇的民间信仰进行梳理,进而分析调查当地民众的物质生活、人生仪礼、岁时节日等各个方面与该地佛教信仰的联系。通过探讨佛教信仰嵌入古村镇普通民众民间社会生活的诸多层次,揭示出佛教信仰背景下的社区公共活动与村际关系的相互联系,进一步说明"信仰"作为一种"软机制"在古村镇民众生活中的重要功用。

As the earliest nation contacting with Buddhism of all Han nations in north Ccina,the north of Shanxi Province has unique natural geographical conditions and a relatively loose humanistic environment to accept different national religions,including the specific groups——the folks in ancient villages and towns which first accepted Buddhism. Focusing on the Buddhism holy land Yungang Grottoes in the north area of Shanxi Province,this paper selects the village of Wuguantun where the Yungang Grottoes locates as object to sort the folk faith in ancient villages and towns by in-depth field research,and then further analysize and search the relationship of the aspects like the material life of local people,etiquette in life,festive customs with local Buddhist belief. By exploring Buddhist belief rooted in every field of social life of ordinary people in ancient villages and towns,the paper uncovers the interaction between public activities of communities and inter-rural relations under the background of the Buddhism,which further explains that as a kind of＂soft mechanism＂,＂belief＂has significant function in folk life of ancient villages and towns.