北京市中关村地区家长风险认知与流感知识对小学生流感疫苗接种率的影响

Influence of Parental Perception of Risk and Flu Knowledge on Flu Vaccination Rate in Elementary School Students in Zhongguancun Area in Beijing

目的探讨北京中关村地区小学生流感疫苗接种率偏低的原因。方法自行设计问卷,调查中关村地区的小学生2012年流感疫苗接种率以及2013年的流感疫苗接种计划。所得数据通过二元logistic回归和线性回归分析。结果受访家庭中的小学生只有33.0%在2012年接种了疫苗,2013年有接种计划的仅有47.5%。2012年的流感疫苗接种率受到家长的对患病风险的认知(B=-0.33,P<0.01)、对接种疫苗的必要性的认识(B=-3.22,P<0.01)和流感预防措施知晓程度(B=0.35,P<0.05)显著影响。2013年的流感疫苗接种计划受家长对患病风险的认知(B=-0.54,P<0.05)和对接种疫苗的必要性的认识(B=-3.01,P<0.05)显著影响,家长的流感知识知晓程度则对其没有显著影响。结论北京中关村地区小学生2012年接种了流感疫苗和2013年有接种计划的比例均较低,家长对儿童流感患病风险和接种疫苗必要性的认识显著影响疫苗接种率。未来的研究应进一步探讨家长在这两个方面的认知及其影响因素。

Objective To identify the causes of low flu vaccination rate in elementary schools of Zhongguancun area,Beijing. Methods Self-administrated questionnaires of flu knowledge and flu risk perception were distributed to investigate the flu vaccination rate in 2012 and the vaccination plan in 2013. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression and linear regression. Results The flu vaccination rate was 33% in 2012,and the expected vaccination rate in 2013 was 47. 5%. Flu vaccination rate in 2012 was influenced by parental risk perception（ B =-0. 33,P 0. 01）,perception on the necessity of vaccination（ B =-3. 22,P 0. 01）and awareness of flu vaccination（ B = 0. 35,P 0. 05）. The vaccination plan in 2013 was influenced by factors of parent＇s perception on the risk of suffering this disease（ B =-0. 54,P 0. 05） and necessity of vaccination（ B =-3. 01,P 0. 05）,while the awareness of the parents on the flu knowledge was not statistically associated with the vaccination plan. Conclusion The flu vaccination rate in 2012 and the expected vaccination rate in 2013 are both low. The perceptions of parents on disease risk and necessity of vaccination are the major influencing factors to the vaccination rate,and warrant further explorations.