唐山市集中式供水单位卫生状况调查分析

Sanitary Conditions of Central Water Supply Units in Tangshan city

目的了解唐山市集中式供水单位的卫生现况。方法采用现场卫生学调查方法,对唐山市(区)、县(区)集中式供水单位进行现场监督检查。包括水源水类型、供水人口、水处理方式与消毒、水质检测等情况。结果市(区)供水人口以市政集中供水为主(94.99%),各县区则以农村集中供水为主,市政集中供水为辅,分别占69.58%和26.01%。;市政集中供水水源处理工艺合理,水质100%消毒,水质监测合格率达89.2%;以地下水为水源的市自建设施供水水质监测合格率仅为60.9%,不合格指标主要为消毒剂、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群;农村集中供水水质最差,99.9%的单位未采取任何消毒处理方式,水源缺乏有效的卫生防护及消毒设施,水质监测合格率低,菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群检出率高,提示唐山市农村饮用井水的卫生状况堪忧。结论应加强农村、市自建设施饮用水卫生监督。

Objective To investigate the sanitary conditions in central water supply units in Tangshan. Methods Field survey was employed to investigate the central water supply units in the districts and counties. Results The population of water supply in the urban areas was mainly of municipal water supply（ 94. 99%） and that in the counties was of mainly rural water supply（ 69. 58%） and the municipal water supply was supplementary（ 26. 01%）. The process technology of municipal water supply was reasonable,with a disinfection rate of 100% and a qualified rate of 89. 2%. The qualified rate of self-constructed facility of water supply with source of underground water was 60. 9%. The disqualified indexes were mainly disinfector,aerobic bacterial count,total coliform group and thermotoletant coliform bacteria. The water quality of rural water supply was the worst： 99. 9% of the units took no disinfection measures,lacking of effective health protection and disinfection facilities,low qualified rate in water quality monitoring,high detection rates of aerobic bacterial count,total coliform group and thermotoletant coliform bacteria,indicating that the well drinking water in rural area of Tangshan was worrisome. Conclusion Sanitary inspections in rural water supply as well as self-constructed facility water supply should be strengthened.