先进铝基复合材料研究的新进展

Progress of Advanced Aluminum Matrix Composites Research

从铝基复合材料纳米化、构型化、制造技术3个方面,综述了先进铝基复合材料研究的新进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。新型纳米增强体可为铝基复合材料提供高的增强效率,而增强体和铝基体的纳米化则由于一系列尺寸效应,赋予复合材料更优异的性能;基体晶粒尺寸的双峰、多峰分布,层状、网络等复合构型的设计,为其性能最优化提供了新的途径;新型粉末冶金、大塑性变形、增材制造等新技术为新型铝基复合材料的制备和加工提供了技术基础。可以预见,性能更优异的纳米增强体的应用、不同尺度结构效应的发挥及新型铝基复合材料制备加工新技术的开发,将会成为未来铝基复合材料的研究热点。

This paper reviewed several recent progresses of advanced aluminum matrix composites in the nano reinforcement, nanocrystallization of matrix, architecture design and advanced manufacturing technologies. High-performance nano reinforcements could provide high enhancement efficiency, while the nanocrystallization of the matrices could introduce a serial of nano size effects ; the architecture designs （ e. g. bimodal or multimodal distributions, laminated or network architectures） provided new routes for property optimization of the aluminum matrix composites; and the advanced manufacturing technologies （e. g. advanced powder metallurgy, severe plastic deformation and additive manufacturing） provided techniques for the preparation and processing of advanced aluminum matrix composites. It can be expected that the application of nano reinforcements with better properties, structural effects at different scales and new manufacturing technologies would be the hotspots in the future research.