紫云英与化肥配施对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响

Effects of Astragalus sinicus manure and fertilizer combined application on soil nutrient and microbiological characteristics

在安徽沿江双季稻区,通过4年田间定位试验研究了不同用量紫云英绿肥与化肥配施对水稻产量、土壤肥力和土壤微生物数量及活度的影响。结果表明,施用紫云英绿肥比不施肥增产40.75%-92.10%,比单施化肥处理增产26.30%-36.49%;与纯施化肥相比较,施用紫云英处理的微生物总量增加了48.26%-115.78%,微生物活度增加了5.88%-29.41%,且施用紫云英土壤全N、碱解N、有效P、速效K和有机质含量均较高。简单相关分析表明,土壤微生物特性与土壤全N、碱解N之间具有极显著的相关性。施肥土壤有机质含量与细菌总数之间无直接相关性,而与真菌、放线菌数量及微生物活度正相关。土壤微生物及土壤养分分析发现,化肥量70%与紫云英22 500 kg·hm-2配施比较适宜于安徽沿江双季稻区早稻生产。

In double cropping rice areas along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,a 4-year site-specific field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different amount of Astragalus sinicus with chemical fertilizers application on rice yield,soil fertility and the number and activity of microorganisms. Results showed that,under the application of Astragalus sinicus,the yield was increased by 40. 75% - 92. 10% than no fertilizer treatment and 26. 30% - 36. 49% than chemical fertilizer treatment. Compared with chemical fertilizers,when Astragalus sinicus was applied,the microbial amount increased by 48. 26% -115. 78%,and microbial activity increased by 5. 88% - 29. 41%. In addition,the soil total N,available N,available P,available K and organic matter content were much higher. The results of correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive correlations between microbial characteristics and soil total N and available N. The organic matter content was not directly correlated to the numbers of bacteria but had a positive correlation with the numbers of fungi,actinomycetes and microbial activity. The results implied that combined application of 70% chemical fertilizer with 22 500 kg·hm-2Astragalus sinicus was more suitable for early rice production along the Yangtze river in Anhui.