广州市居民卫生防病知识知晓与健康行为养成现况调查

A survey of the status of health prevention knowledge awareness and health behavior formation of community residents in Guangzhou

目的:了解广州市居民卫生防病知识知晓和健康行为养成现况,为相关部门有针对性地制定干预策略提供依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市3区(市)9个街道18个居委会的2 790位居民进行问卷调查。结果 :居民基本卫生防病知识知晓率为78.14%,重点卫生防病知识知晓率为74.77%,健康行为养成率为48.14%;女性的行为养成率高于男性;50岁以上的中老年人群基本知识知晓率低于50岁以下的中青年人,重点知识知晓及行为养成率高于50岁以下的中青年人;城市居民的知识知晓和行为养成率均高于农村居民和外来流动人员;知晓率及行为养成率与学历呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:注重培养和强化居民的健康信念和行为转化,加强对中老年人基本卫生防病知识的普及和加大对中青年人重点卫生防病知识知晓的教育、宣传,进一步促进公共卫生服务的均等化,加强以健康教育为主的社区综合干预。

Objectives To explore status of health prevention knowledge awareness and the formation of healthy behaviors of community residents in Guagzhou and provide evidence for health-management-related departments to put forward pertinent intervention strategies. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 2 790 community residents in Guangzhou by multistage stratified random sampling. Results The awareness rate of residents′ basic health prevention knowledge was 78.14%, the awareness rate of key knowledge was 74.77%, the rate of health behavior formation was 48.14%. The rate of women′s behavior formation was higher than that of men′s. The awareness rate of basic knowledge among the residents aged over 50 years was lower than that that among those aged less than 50 years , but the awareness rate of key knowledge and behavior formation rate were higher. The level of knowledge awareness and the rate of behavior formation rate of urban residents were higher than those of rural residents and migrants. The knowledge awareness and behavior formationi were positively correlated with degree with statistically significant difference （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions The health belief and behavior of the community residents should be cultivated and strengthened , the basic prevention knowledge should be made universal for middle-aged and old people , the health education of key prevention knowledge should be strengthened for the middle-aged and young people , the public health services should be made more open and equal further promoted, and the community comprehensive intervention focusing on the health education should be strengthened.