光纤动态检测技术的研究与进展

Research on Dynamic Measurement Technology of Fiber Optic Sensors and Their Development

首先,在论述光纤传感器基本理论和技术的基础上,重点以两类典型的传光型光纤传感器——反射式光纤位移传感器及透射式光纤传感带为对象,讨论了其检测原理和关键技术,以及在大型旋转机械支承——滑动轴承的润滑膜状态信息和转子振动信息、航空发动机涡轮叶尖间隙、燃油流量及人体位姿信息等重要工程参数检测中的应用;其次,分析了两种典型的传感型光纤传感器——光强调制型光纤曲率传感器和Bragg光纤光栅传感器的检测原理和关键技术,并介绍了它们分别在机匣变形动态测量和齿轮应力应变动态测量中的应用;最后,基于这两类典型光纤传感器的特点及工程应用,对光纤动态检测技术进行了总结和展望。

The fiber optic sensor is a new kind of measurement sensor that can detect various physical quantities,such as displacement,vibration,strain,and flow,by studying the modulating characteristic of the optical wave inside the fiber optic under the influence of the quantities to be measured.Based on fundamental theoretical knowledge of fiber optic measurement technology,the reflective displacement sensor and light-transmission fiber optic motion sensor are introduced as two typical transmission-type optical fiber sensors in order to elaborate the operational principle of the transmission-type optical fiber sensor and its applications in the dynamic measurement of lubricating oil film inside journal bearings,rotor vibration in rotating machinery,blade tip clearance in aircraft engines,fluid flow in aircraft engines and movement detection in the human body.Discussion on the innovative design of and the research on these measurement systems is presented.Then,another kind of fiber optic sensor,the functional-type optical fiber sensor,is discussed by introducing two typical sensors,the curvature optical fiber sensor and fiber Bragg grating sensor,as well as their measurement principles and applications in measuring casing deformation,and the measurement of dynamic stress on planet gear.Lastly,the development of this new technology is summarized and prospected.