甲型H1N1流感减毒活疫苗制备原理研究进展

Research progress in preparation principle of live attenuated influenza H1N1 vaccine

流感是由流感病毒引起的一种以侵害呼吸系统为主的疾病，在世界各国广泛流行。其中甲型H1N1流感病毒以其高易感性、快传播性威胁着公共卫生健康，冲击着社会经济发展。相较于目前应用的甲型H1N1三联灭活疫苗生产过程复杂，周期长，减毒活疫苗有许多优势。传统的冷适应技术开创了减毒活疫苗的历史先河，目前流行的反向遗传技术打破了减毒活疫苗的发展瓶颈。然而，病毒抗原的高频变异使得疫苗的研发总是远远滞后于新型病毒株的出现，miRNA介导的RNA干扰为缩短疫苗研制周期，快速构建新型疫苗提供了新思路。本文主要对甲型H1N1减毒活疫苗制备原理的研究进展作一综述。

Influenza, a contagious, acute respiratory disease caused by an influenza virus, is worldwide pandemic. Among all influenza viruses, the H1N1 influenza virus threatens the public health and has impacts on the socio-eeonomic development because of its high susceptibility and fast spread. The production of the currently used H1N1 triple inactivated vaccineisis complexed and has a long cycle. In contrast,live attenuated influenza vaccine has many advantages. Traditional cold-adapted approach created a historical precedent. Reverse genetics approach currently breaks the bottleneck in the development of live attenuated vaccines. However, because of the high-frequency variability of viral antigens, vaccines have always been far behind the emergence of new strains. MieroRNA-mediated RNA interference provides a new idea for shortening the preparing period of the vaccine and quickly building a new vaccine. This paper reviews the research progress in the preparation principle of live attenuated influenza H1N1 vaccine.