《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》逻辑解析——文本问题、“科学抽象法”的反思及其他

Logic Analysis of Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy: Textual Issue, Introspection of "Scientific Abstraction" and Others

马克思的《<政治经济学批判>导言》的写作目的是使"历史"落实为"逻辑",产生行动科学和历史科学统一、历史和逻辑统一的科学叙述效果。这引起人们的误解,即把《导言》第三节看作生产"从抽象上升到具体"规定的地点,进而误作是对"唯物主义知识论"的阐发,遮掩了真正涵义的政治经济学方法——唯物史观在文本中的阐释和运用。还原真相的路径不单是重回文本,系统梳理和剖解各种与文本相关的逻辑结构问题,更为主要的是把握整体的逻辑发展,找到"总的导言"和"证明"之间的有机联系。《导言》对"行动如何可能"的探求,事实上奠定了后来《资本论》结构的路向,即由客观批判启动的主观过程。科学叙述的尘埃落定使新时代条件下重新理解《导言》的逻辑,并予以创造性地运用有了可能。整体看,这一把握是透视"开放的逻辑"且保持正确的必备锁钥。

The objective for Karl Marx to write Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy is to make history become logic,and achieve the scientific narrative effect of unification of action science and historical science as well as unification of history and logic. Misunderstanding is caused thereof, i.e.? the third chapter of Introduction is considered as the specified place to produce the proposition of from abstraction up to concrete;f urthermore, it is mistaken for elucidation of materialism epistemology, which covers the real meaning of political economy methodology——elucidation and application of historical materialism in texts. The method to restore the truth is not to return to the texts, or systematically sort out and analyze the logic structure issue relevant to texts; more importantly, it is to grasp the overall logic development and find out the organic connections between ‘‘general introduction'and ‘‘testification'. The possibility of action explored in Introduction actually determined the subsequent direction of the structure of Das Kapital, i.e.the subjective process initiated by objective critique. Settlement of scientific narrative makes the logic of Introduction be reconsidered during new period and realizes the possibility of creative application. From an overall perspective, the analysis is a necessary key to grasp the essence of open logic and keep accurate.