医院感染高危因素分析与控制措施研究

Study on high risk factors and control measures of hospital infections in a third-grade class-A hospital

目的调查三甲医院2012-2013年医院感染特点和高危因素,为制定医院感染管理控制措施提供参考依据。方法调查分析医院2012-2013年医院感染的易感科室、人群、部位等相关因素,进行连续性监测,寻找医院感染发生的高危因素并采取措施;比较采取相应医院管理控制措施前(2012年)后(2013年)的医院感染率的变化,采用SPSS16.0软件统计数据。结果 2012-2013年监测住院患者27 598例,其中2012年13 564例、2013年14 034例,发生医院感染共879例,感染率为3.19%,其中2012年感染率为3.82%、2013年感染率为2.57%,2013年医院感染率显著降低;发生医院感染率最高的科室为ICU为28.78%;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌检出最多,占81.55%。结论严格无菌操作及消毒隔离制度,正确使用抗菌药物,及时筛查高危感染人群,及早有效干预是降低医院感染的有效措施。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and high risk factors of hospital infections in a third-grade class-A hospital so as to provide reference for implementing effective measures to prevent and control hospital infections.METHODS The cases of hospital infections from 2012 to 2013in our hospital were collected and the related factors such as susceptible departments,susceptible population,and susceptible sites were analyzed.With successive monitoring,high risk factors were found and measures were carried out.The changes of incidence of hospital infection were compared before（2012）and after（2013）the implementation of corresponding measures for infection control.The software SPSS16.0was used for data statistics.RESULTS Totally 27 598 patients were monitored in our hospital from 2012 to 2013,including 13 564 in 2012,14 034 in 2013.And infection occurred in 879 patients,with the hospital infection rate of 3.19percent（3.82 percent in 2012,2.57 percent in 2013）.After effective intervention,the hospital infection rate in 2013 was significantly decreased.The hospital infection rate was the highest in ICU,being 28.78%.Gram-negative bacteria were the major pathogenic bacteria,accounting for 81.55%.CONCLUSIONEffective measures to reduce the incidence of hospital infections include strict sterile operation,disinfection and isolation system,correct use of antibiotics,timely screening of high risk populations of infections and early effective intervention.