中国城市化道路的是非功过--兼评贺雪峰的《城市化的中国道路》

Merits and Demerits in the Way to Urbanization in China —— And a Comment on He Xuefeng's The Chinese Way to Urbanization

本文围绕中国城市化的道路,与《城市化的中国道路》作者贺雪峰教授辨析了十个问题,并提出了不同的看法。十个问题是:(1)城市化道路与制度无关,只与经济发展水平有关;(2)德、日、苏、中等国工业化的成功是采取了优先发展重工业的战略;(3)土改、合作化、公社化等新中国的制度遗产是中国改革的最大红利;(4)城乡二元结构是保护农民的制度安排,城市和农村,一阳一阴,一正一反,一快一慢,一发展极一稳定器,是中国经验的核心所在;(5)传统小农经济是中国现代化的驱动力;(6)返乡是农民的基本人权;(7)限制资本下乡是保护农民,土地规模流转,农业产业化经营不应和不能发展;(8)"土地财政"符合和体现了中国土地制度的宪法秩序,是大规模基础设施建设的资金来源,中国有960万平方公里土地,"土地财政"可以和应当持续;(9)中国城市没有贫民窟,是个奇迹;(10)在城市化道路选择上,中央政府实施的是稳健政策,地方政府实施的是激进政策。十个问题集中到一点,贺教授遵循的基本逻辑是"现实的就是合理的"。

In this article, ten questions as well as different views are proposed to discuss with Professor He Xuefeng. （1）The way to urbanization is nothing to do with any system, but only concerns with the economical development level. （2）The success of industrialization in Germany, Japan, Soviet Union and China, etc., is owing to their strategic priority in developing heavy industry. （3）The legacy of system in China since 1949, such as land reform, cooperation movement, and people＇s commune movement, etc., have left the biggest bonus for China＇s reform. （4）The duel urban-rural structure is a systematic arrangement for protecting peasants, and it is the core of Chinese experience. （5）The traditional small- peasant economy is the driving force of China＇s modernization. （6）It is peasants＇ basic human right to be back to home rural area. （7）The restriction of the capital investment in rural area is the protective measure for the peasants. （8）The ＂financial policy of land＂ embodies a constitutional order of China＇s land system. （9）It is a miracle that there is no slum district in Chinese cities. （10）In choosing the way to urbanization, the central government practices a steady policy, while local governments prefer a radical policy. Such ten issues focuses on Professor He＇s basic logic, i.e., ＂what is real, what is reasonable＂.