小麦品种百农AK58与周麦18的遗传差异性分析

Genetic Diversity Between Two Widely Grown Wheat Cultivars Bainong AK58 and Zhoumai 18

为解析百农AK58和周麦18的遗传差异,利用表型数据分布于小麦全基因组的305个SSR标记进行分析,以期为小麦大面积种植品种的培育提供参考。方差分析表明,百农AK58和周麦18在株高、千粒质量和单位面积穗数上存在极显著差异,其中百农AK58在株高和单位面积穗数上明显优于周麦18。分子标记比较发现,305对SSR引物中有130对引物在百农AK58与周麦18之间扩增出差异带,多态引物比例达到42.6%。2个品种在A、B、D基因组存在差异的引物数基本一致,分别有34,37,37个,多态引物比例表现为B基因组(43.9%)>A基因组(37.1%)>D基因组(33.5%)。百农AK58和周麦18的遗传差异在小麦7个部分同源群和21对染色体上也表现一定的不均衡性。在7个部分同源群之间,二者在第5部分同源群的遗传差异最大,多态引物比例达到49.3%,而在染色体水平上,它们在3B、5B、7B、4A的遗传差异相对较大,多态性引物比例均超过50%。百农AK58和周麦18所不同的SSR位点是遗传研究中需要重点关注的基因组区域。

To analysis the genetic diversities between Bainong AK58 and Zhoumai18,agronomic traits and 305 SSR Markers distributing across the whole genome of wheat were used in this study. Significant differences were found for plant height,1000-grain weight and spike number per unit area,where Bainong AK58 had shorter stature and more spike number per unit area than Zhoumai 18. SSR data revealed that 130 of three hundred and five SSR markers showed polymorphism between Bainong AK58 and Zhoumai 18,and the rate of polymorphic markers occupied 42. 6%. The numbers of polymorphic markers in A,B and D genomes were 34,37 and 37,and the rates were B（ 43. 9%） A（ 37. 1%） D（ 33. 5%）. The genetic differences were also found to be unbalanced on either 7 homoeologous groups or 21 wheat chromosomes. Among 7 homoeologous groups,the most polymorphic markers（ 49. 3%）were found in homoeologous groups 5. On chromosomal level,more genetic differences were found on chromosomes3 B,5B,7B and 4A,where the rates of polymorphic markers were more than 50%,respectively. These different genomic regions found between Bainong AK58 and Zhoumai 18 in this study should be further studied.