太极拳、健身走对70岁以上女性静态平衡能力的影响

The effects of Tai Chi and Fitness Walking on the static balance ability in women over the age of 70

目的：探讨太极拳、健步走对70岁以上女性静态平衡能力的影响，为开展科学健身提供指导。方法：采用分层抽样方式在某市区筛选146名70岁以上女性进行平衡能力测量，按照年龄分为70-79岁组和≥80岁组，按照锻炼方式分为太极拳、健身走和无规律运动，测量指标为包络面积、重心动摇轨迹长、能量损耗和X、Y方向上的轨迹长。结果：70-79岁组平衡能力好于≥80岁组（P〈0.05-P＜0.01）；随年龄增长，平衡能力出现下降，不因参与锻炼而发生改变，但下降的幅度发生变化，为无规律运动〉健身走〉太极拳；相同年龄组中，太极拳、健身走与无规律运动比较，均具有改善平衡能力的作用（P＜0.01），其中太极拳的效果好于健身走（P＜0.05-P＜0.01）。结论：高龄老年人平衡能力随年龄增长出现下降趋势，体育锻炼可以减缓下降速度，其中太极拳的锻炼效果较好。

Objective：To investigate the effects of Tai Chi and Fitness Walking on the static balance ability of the elderly women,in order to provide scientific guidance. Methods：The balance abilities of 146 elderly women over the age of 70 from a city were investigated. The elderly women were divided into the 70 to 79 years old group and equal to and more than 80 years old group according to their ages. The exercise ways included the Tai Chi, Fitness Walking and irregular movement. The measure index included the envelope area,and the trace length of postural sway and X and Y direction. Results：The balance ability in 70 to 79 years old group was better than that in equal to and more than 80 years old group（P〈0. 05 to P〈0. 01）. The balance ability began to decreased with the increase of age,which did not be affected by exercise. The decreasing range regularity from large to small was the irregular movement, Fitness Walking and Tai Chi in turn. The irregular movement,Fitness Walking and Tai Chi could improve the balance ability in the same age elderly women（P 〈0. 01）,the effect of Tai Chi was better than that of Fitness Walking（P 〈0. 05 to P 〈0. 01）. Conclusions：The static balance ability begin to decrease with the increase of age. The physical exercise can slow down the trend,and the exercise effect of Tai Chi is better.