摘要
调查农田施肥现状可为深入了解施肥中存在的问题、进一步完善测土配方施肥工作提供科学依据。通过对建德市31块定位农田连续5年的肥料结构跟踪监测,比较分析了8类农作系统农田的氮、磷、钾施用情况。结果表明,该市农田肥料的投入量因种植方式、农户等的不同有较大的差异,氮、磷、钾纯量的年总投入量在219.45~1526.55kg/hm2之间变化,平均为734.70kg/hm2;部分农田存在超量施用肥料的现象。有机肥的施用量呈现增加趋势,其对农田氮、磷、钾养分投入总量的贡献平均约为10.89%;投入肥料中氮:磷:钾平均比例大致为1:0.6:0.6。经济作物的肥料施用量明显高于粮食作物,且有机肥及磷、钾肥被优先施于经济作物中。目前建德市在有机肥与化肥配合施用及氮磷钾施用比例方面还不尽合理,建议继续加大力度推广施用有机肥,增加粮食作物农田中磷、钾肥及有机肥的施用,以全面提升耕地地力。
Investigation of the structure of applied fertilizers in farming systems can provide a basis for understanding the problems in fertilizer application, and improving the program of soil testing and formulated fertilization. Thirty-one farmland fields in Jiande City were selected for five year-continuous monitoring of fertilizer structure, and the differences in application amounts and rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and compositions of organic manure and chemical fertilizers of eight kinds of farming systems were compared. The results showed that farmland fertilizer inputs in the city varied greatly with planting s farmers, total input of N, P2Os, and K20 ranged from 219.45 to 1526.55 kg/hm2, with an average of 734 ystems and ,70 kg/hm2. There was a phenomenon of excess fertilizer application for part of the farmlands. In recent years, manure application rate increased, and contribution of organic manure to total nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in farming systems averaged about 10.89%. Average ratios of N: P205:K20 in the fertilizers were about 1:0.6:0.6. The amounts of fertilizer application of economic crops were significantly higher than those of grain crops, and the organic fertilizer and phosphorus, potash fertilizer was preferentially applied to economic crops. Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer, and NPK ratios of the applied fertilizers in present farming systems for the city are not very reasonable. In order to improve the productivity of cultivated land, it is necessary to increase efforts to promote the application of organic fertilizer, and increase the application amounts of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer in agricultural fields with food crop production.
出处
《农学学报》
2015年第7期81-86,共6页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
建德市耕地地力监测(浙土肥字[2007]35号)
关键词
肥料结构
农作系统
有机肥
Fertilizer Structure
Farming System
Organic Manure