海河流域黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性研究

Study on Biodiversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Heilonggang-Yudong River System

为揭示黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与时空分布模式,2013年6月对海河流域黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了采样调查,采用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物多样性,并对其进行聚类和因子分析。共检测到大型底栖无脊椎动物64种,隶属3门6纲21科49属,其中昆虫纲34种(53.1%),腹足纲13种(20.3%),寡毛纲9种(14.1%),瓣鳃纲4种(6.2%),甲壳纲3种(4.7%),蛭纲1种(1.6%)。结果表明该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物种类组成以昆虫纲的摇蚊为主,而生物量组成则以腹足纲的种类为主。该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构相对简单,物种多样性较低,生物量和密度分布不均匀,但漳卫新河和南运河段物种较为丰富。使用耐污种寡毛纲颤蚓科来指示水体污染程度,该水系各河流中游污染较轻,上游和下游河段均呈中度或重度污染。

In order to reveal the community structure and spatiotemporal patterns of macrobenthos inHeilonggang- Yudong river system, benthic macroinvertebrates in Heilonggang- Yudong river system wereinvestigated in June 2013. Biological diversity was assessed using Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index andPielou index. Meanwhile, clustering and factor analysis were applied to analyze the community structure. Atotal of 64 species, belonging to 3 phyla, 6 classes and 21 families, were identified. Among them, the aquaticinsects were the most abundant. The numbers and ratios of reported species belonging to Insecta, Gastropoda,Oligochaeta, Lamellibranchia, Crustacea and Hirudinea were 34（53.1%）, 13（20.3%）, 9（14.1%）, 4（6.2%）, 3（4.7%）, and 1（1.6%）, respectively. The highest density among the macroinvertebrates was identified forchironomids in Insecta, while the biomass composition was dominated by Gastropods. The results revealed thatmacroinvertebrate community structure of the system was simple with low species diversity, and biomass anddensity distribution were not uniform. However, species in the Zhangwei New River and South Canal were rich.The analyses indicated that pollution was slight in the middle reaches of the river system, while the presence ofTubificidae in Oligochaeta in the upper and downstream reaches indicated moderate or severe water pollution.