利他惩罚的神经机制

Neural Mechanism of Altruistic Punishment

利他性惩罚指一个人选择付出代价去惩罚不公平行为和规则违背行为,以维持长期而稳定的合作行为。代价惩罚背后的神经机制最近才开始研究。这里我们从代价惩罚的视角回顾近期研究中利他性惩罚的神经基础,主要强调做出惩罚决策背后的神经加工过程。我们强调四种认知加工过程可能会促使人们在大多数场景中做出利他性决策:不公平厌恶,代价-利益评估,区分自己与他人的社会参照框架以及认知控制。总之,我们强调理解利他惩罚决策背后的核心神经加工机制的重要性。

Altruistic punishment, which occurs when an individual incurs a cost to punish unfairness or norm violation, may play a role in perpetuating cooperation. The neural mechanism underlying costly punishment has only recently begun to be explored. Here we review current studies on the neural basis of altruism from the perspectives of costly punishment, emphasizing the importance of elem.entary neural processes underlying a decision to punish. Particularly, we emphasize four cognitive processes that contribute to the decision to altruistically punish in most situations： inequity aversion, cost-benefit calculation, social reference frame to distinguish self from others and cognitive control. Overall, we stress the importance of understanding the neural mechanism of altruistic punishment with respect to the core computations necessary to achieve a decision to punish.