清末民初绥远城驻防“八旗生计”的变迁

On the Development of “Suiyuan Garrison Eight Banners Livelihood” In the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

清朝对八旗实行俸饷制度,使八旗兵丁专靠披甲为生。清代早期旗兵依靠朝廷俸饷生活优裕,清末民初日益贫困,特别是民国时期停发旗饷后,生活更加困顿。为此清政府和民国政府采取了诸多措施改善旗民生计,然而由于诸多因素的影响,效果并不明显。

Qing Dynasty carried out the salary system of the eight banners, the banners and armour is depen- ded on ＂Pijia＂. In the early Qing Dynasty, the live is abundant. At the end of the Qing Dynasty the live becomes poor, especially in the period of Republic of China the government stopped its rates, and the life becomes more dif- ficult. Therefore the government of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China government has taken many measures to improve the livelihood of the people, while due to the influence of many factors, the effect is not obvious.