一体化人工湿地微生物群落结构与分布特征

Structure and Distribution Features of Microbial Community in ICW

微生物是污水净化过程中重要的影响因子,对人工湿地微生物群落结构及分布的研究,有助于深入了解人工湿地净化机理。为此,成都纺织高等专科学校废水处理集成创新团队选择具有自主知识产权的一体化人工湿地处理系统,对人工湿地微生物群落结构、分布及浮游藻类多样性进行了观察研究,并结合水质理化指标,分析了微生物与水质净化的关系。结果表明:整个湿地系统中包含了蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、硅藻(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)和裸藻(Euglenophyta)四门34属以及其他藻种(属)共332种,浮游动物及其它微生物共18种;生物膜上微生物的种类及丰度最多,有效地提高了系统对污水的净化作用;湿地敝水区上、中、下层浮游生物组成相似,但微生物量下层>上层>中层;可根据硅藻及绿藻优势种数量来定性判断受污染水体净化过程相对洁净程度。

Microbe is an important element in sewage purification process. The study on the structure and distribution of microbial community of constructed wetland （CW） is helpful to further understand the purification mechanism of constructed wetland. The innovation team for waste water treatment of Chengdu Textile College has selected a treatment system of integration of constructed wetland （ICW） with independent intellectual property right, watched closely the structure and distribution of microbial community and the diversity of phytoplankton and analyzed the relationship between microbe and water purification based on water physical indicators. The re- sult showed that the whole wetland system contained 4 phyla, 34 genera and 332 species of phytoplankton inclu- ding Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta and 18 zooplankton and other microbes; biofilm had most species of microbes and abundance ratio which effectively improved the sewage purification function of the system ; the upper, middle and lower layers of wetland have similar phytoplankton composition but the quantity order was lower layer 〉 upper layer 〉 middle layer; the relative clean degree of polluted water purification process could be qualitatively judged by the number of dominant species of diatoms or green algae.