司法提升道德的限度及原则

The limitation and principles of enhancing morality by judicature

"以德入法"在立法层面不是什么新鲜事,但试图通过司法实现"以法固德"却是给本就境遇不好的司法套上额外的枷锁。"彭宇案""泸州遗赠案""教授换妻案"等的判决给社会传递出明显的信号,但却并未取得预想的效果。其根本原因在于法律的功能是止人为恶而不是劝人向善的,在于法律中的"人"只能是"普通人",在于道德的提升本质上是靠制度而不是宣传与说教。当然,司法裁判也有"教育"功能:一个良善公正的判决会给社会带来正能量。但这种"给力"判决的作出需要秉持四项原则,即个案化原则、法律发现的"合道德性"原则、程序原则及自由裁量权的行使及预防恣意原则。

Adding morality in law is nothing new at the legislative level,but the attempt to consolidate the morality of law through justice isn＇t the correct way,it creates a bad situation for justice to put on extra judicial shackles. The judgments of ＂Peng Yu case＂,＂Luzhou legacy case＂and ＂Professors＇ wife-swapping case＂deliver a clear signal to the society,but it did not achieve the desired results. The fundamental reason is that the function of the law is forbidding evils rather than advising people to perform good deeds,the ＂people＂of the law can only be ＂ordinary people＂,and it＇s depending on institution system rather than relying on propaganda and preaching to raise the moral level. Of course,the judicial justice has ＂educational＂function,a good and fair decision would bring positive energy. But making a perfect judgment needs to uphold four principles,namely the principles of individual case,principles of ＂in accordance with moral＂in legal discovery,procedures principles,and discretion and prevention of unscrupulous.