老年拔牙手术患者的焦虑特征及其相关因素的分析

Analysis of the characteristics of anxiety and the anxiety-related factors in the elderly patients with tooth extraction operation

目的研究老年拔牙手术患者的焦虑特征，分析焦虑的相关因素，为寻求有效的防治牙科焦虑症，以寻求减轻拔牙手术老年患者焦虑的有效方法提供依据。方法选择接受拔牙手术的80例老年患者作为研究对象（老年组），其中男53例，女27例，年龄60～85岁，平均（71．8±8．4）岁。选择80例接受拔牙手术非老年患者作为对照组，其中男32例，女48例，年龄14～35岁，平均（24．6±6．9）岁。采用改良的牙科焦虑量表对2组患者的焦虑程度进行评分；采用自制量表对2组患者焦虑的相关因素进行分析。结果拔牙前老年组重度焦虑的百分率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），而轻度焦虑的百分率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），中度焦虑百分率也稍高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义。老年组的进行拔牙（92．5％vs55．0％，P〈0．01）、用探针检查牙龈或龋洞（88．8％vs52．5％，P〈0．01）、听到牙钻的声音（90．0％vs58．8％，P〈0．01）和需要更多的治疗（71．3％vs36．3％，P〈0．05）的发生率均明显高于对照组。结论老年患者拔牙前的焦虑程度总体明显高于非老年患者，其焦虑的相关因素主要是进行拔牙、用探针检查牙龈或龋洞、听到牙钻的声音和需要更多的治疗。拔牙前牙科医师应当充分重视老年患者的焦虑及其相关因素，及时进行宣教和干预．有利于安全且有效地进行拔牙手术。

Objective To study the the characteristics of anxiety and the anxiety-related factors in the elderly patients with tooth extraction operation in order to provide the basis to seek for effective prevention and treatment of dental anxiety of elderly patients with tooth extraction operation by relieving anxiety. Methods 80 elderly patients who underwent tooth extraction operation （elderly group）, including 53 males and 27 females, aged from 60 to 85 years, mean age （71.8 ± 8.4） years, were studied. While 80 non-elderly patients who underwent tooth extraction operation （control group）, including 32 males and 48 females, aged from 14 to 35 years, mean age （2.4.6±6.9） years, were set as the controls. The modified dental anxiety scale was used to assess the levels of anxiety of all cases. The anxiety-related factors were analyzed by self-made scale. The data were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results Before tooth extraction operation, compared with the control group, the percentage of severe anxiety significantly increased （P〈0.01）, the per- centage of mild anxiety significantly decreased （P〈 0.01）, and while the percentage of moderate anxiety slightly increased in the elderly group. Compared with the control group, the incidence rates of performed extraction, the gums or cavity with a checked-probe, the sound of a dental drill and the need for more treatment of the elderly group were significantly increased （92.5% vs 55.0%, P〈0.01; 88.8% vs 52.5%, P〈0.01; 90% vs 58.8%, P〈0.01; 71.3% vs 36.3%, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Before tooth extraction operation the overall level of anxiety of the elderly patients is significantly higher than that of non-elderly patients; The main anxiety-related factors are performed extraction, the gums or cavity with a checkedprobe, the sound of a dental drill and the need for more treatment in the elderly patients. Dental surgeons should pay attention to the characteristics of anxiety and main anxiety-related factors in elderly patients, which is conducive to dental surgery.