考虑驾驶心理的封闭式道路车辆出匝换道模型

A Lane-changing and Off-ramp Model of Vehicles on Enclosed Road Considering Driving Psychology

针对现有分流区车辆换道出匝模型对驾驶人心理因素考虑不足的问题,以换道紧迫感的概念来反映驾驶人心理对驾驶行为的影响,应用微分法建立了车辆出匝的换道模型。该模型揭示了车道数、减速车道长度、交通标志牌的设置、交通流量、行驶车速等对驾驶人出匝换道行为的影响。结果表明:考虑驾驶人心理的出匝换道模型在分流区上游端内更符合实际;驾驶人会依据交通环境对换道地点位置进行自动调节,但指路标志牌位置设置过近时,仍会使出匝车辆无法及时变更车道;交通流量的增大,会使出匝车辆的换道区间变得分散,换道行为更加激进。

Aiming at the deficiency of seldom considering drivers＇ psychology in the existing vehicle lane- changing and off-ramp models, using the concept of space urgency to reflect the effect of drivers＇ psychology on the driving behaviors, a new lane changing model for vehicles lane-changing and off-ramp is built with differential method. This model reveals the influence of number of lanes, length of deceleration lane, traffic sign setting, traffic volume, and vehicle speed etc. on lane changing behavior of off-ramp vehicle. The result shows that （ 1 ） the lane-changing and off-ramp model considering drivers＇ psychology meets the real situation better in upstream diverging area; （2） drivers will adjust their lane-changing locations according to driving environment, nevertheless, the off-ramp vehicles still cannot change into their target lane when the signboard is too close; （3） the increase of traffic volume, drivers＇ lane-changing intervals become disperser and lane- changing behaviors become more aggressive.