小麦与蚕豆间作对根际真菌代谢功能多样性的影响

EFFECTS OF INTERCROPPING OF WHEAT AND FABA BEAN ON DIVERSITY OF METABOLIC FUNCTION OF RHIZOSPHERE FUNGAL COMMUNITY

通过田间小区试验，采用Biolog FF微平板培养方法，研究小麦与蚕豆间作对小麦和蚕豆根际真菌代谢功能多样性的影响。结果表明：与单作相比，间作明显提高了小麦和蚕豆根际真菌的碳源平均利用率（AWCD），且问作提高蚕豆根际真菌活性的幅度大于小麦。与单作相比，间作显著提高了蚕豆和小麦根际真菌对Biolog FF板中聚合物、糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类和胺类碳源的利用；同时间作使小麦和蚕豆根际真菌对碳源的总利用强度比单作分别显著提高63．30％和52．02％，小麦和蚕豆根际真菌对Biolog FF板中6类碳源的利用强度百分比以糖类、羧酸类和氨基酸最高，分别为36．66％～45．99％、25．65％～27．70％和16．37％～20．67％。小麦与蚕豆间作显著提高了小麦和蚕豆根际真菌的香农多样性指数（H）和丰富度指数（S）。主成分分析表明，间作明显改变了小麦和蚕豆根际真菌的群落结构。小麦与间作蚕豆明显促进了小麦和蚕豆根际土壤真菌的碳源代谢强度，显著提高了根际真菌的多样性和丰富度，改变了根际真菌的群落结构，因而是一种有利于改善蚕豆连作栽培根际微生态环境的有效措施。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on diversity of metabolic functions of rhizosphere fungal community using the Biolog micro-plate technique for analysis. Results show that compared with that in CK （ single cropping ） rhizosphere fungi in the intercropping treatment was obviously higher in average well color development （AWCD） , and the effect was more significance with Faba bean, rather than wheat. Biolog FF plateanalysis indicates that intercropiping enhanced the capacity of the rhizospheric fungi under intercropped wheat and faba bean of utilizing carbons in polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids and amines, increased their substrate richness by 29.2% and 30.3% respectively, total carbon utilization intensity 63.30% and 52.02%, respectively. Among the six categories of carbon sources, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids, was much higher than the others in carbon utilization intensity, reaching 36.66% -45.99%, 25.65%- 27.70% and 16.37%- 20.67%, respectively. Shannon index （H） and richnes index （S） were also found to be higher in the intercropping system than in the monocropping one. Principal component analysis demonstrates that intercropping significantly altered the rhizosphere fungal community under the wheat and faba bean. Therefore, it can be concluded that intercropping apparently increases metabolism intensity of the carbon sources by the rhizosphere fungi under the wheat and faba bean and significantly their diversity and richness, thus altering their community structure. Hence, intercropping of wheat and faba bean is an effective approach to improving micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere of monocropped faba bean.