北京市0～3岁儿童神经心理发育现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the current situation of neuropsychological development and influencing factors of 0-3-year-old children in Beijing

目的 分析北京市0-3岁儿童神经心理发育现状并探讨其影响因素,为促进婴幼儿更好地发育提供科学依据。方法 通过分层整群随机抽样方法抽取2012年-2013年在北京市儿童医院及区妇幼保健院进行日常保健的1 654名儿童作为研究对象。采用首都儿科研究所编制的中国儿童发育量表对0-3岁儿童进行5大能区神经心理测查,根据量表计算出5大能区发育商,了解北京市0-3岁儿童神经心理发育现状并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 在调查的1 654名北京市0-3岁儿童中,25名儿童发育商低下,且5大能区发育水平参差不齐,以精细动作发育落后最为显著。单因素分析发现母亲生育年龄、喂养方式、母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度、主要看护人对北京市0-3岁儿童神经心理发育商存在影响。线性回归方程显示,以母亲为主要看护人、采用母乳喂养、父亲文化程度较高的儿童发育商较高。结论 北京市0-3岁儿童发育商呈正态分布,该组儿童发育商在中等水平,样本的代表性好。但精细动作发育与其他能区发育相比较为落后,且部分月龄落后于0-3岁儿童实际月龄,此年龄儿童的精细动作发育有待提高。在开展0-3岁儿童早期教育时应加强对其精细动作发育的指导,并且重视可干预因素对儿童神经心理发育的影响,父母应当抽出更多的时间与孩子沟通,增加亲子接触机会,增加亲子依恋。

Objective：To analyze the current situation of neuropsychological development of 0-3-year-old children in Beijing,explore the influencing factors,provide scientific basis for better development of infants.Methods：A total of 1 654 children receiving daily health care in Beijing Children＇s Hospital and District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Beijing from 2012 to 2013 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method.Chinese Children Development Scale compiled by Capital Institute of Pediatrics was used to conduct neuropsychological test of five domains among the children aged 0-3 years old,then the developmental quotients of five domains were calculated to understand the current situation of neuropsychological development of 0-3-year-old children in Beijing; the influencing factors were analyzed.Results：Among 1 654 children aged 0-3 years old in Beijing,25 children were found with low developmental quotient,the development levels of five domains varied,fine motor development retardation was significant.Univariate analysis found that maternal age at birth,feeding patterns,maternal educational level,paternal educational level,and main caregivers had impacts on neuropsychological developmental quotient of 0-3-year-old children in Beijing.Linear regression equation showed that developmental quotient was high among the children with mothers as the main caregivers,breastfeeding,and high paternal educational level.Conclusion：The developmental quotient showed normal distribution in children aged 0-3 years in Beijing,the developmental quotient of children in the study was in the middle level,representativeness of the sample was good.But fine motor development and other domains development were backward,and part months of age of the children fell behind the actual months of age of 0-3-year-old children,fine movement development needs to be improved.In early education for children aged 0-3 years old,fine motor development guidance should be strengthened,more attention should be paid to the effects of interventional factors on neuropsychological development of children,the parents should spend more time with their children,increase parent-child contact opportunities and parent-child attachment.