16个杏鲍菇菌株的生物学特性及亲缘关系研究

Biological Characteristic and Phylogenetic Relationship of 16 Pleurotus eryngii Strains

对16个不同杏鲍菇菌株的菌丝拮抗作用、菌丝生长特性、生物学效率及子实体性状特征进行比较研究。研究结果表明,杏鲍菇栽培品种比较混乱,同种异名、同名异种的现象较为严重,同种异名的菌株间生物学特性表现出显著差异。杏01(杏鲍菇-1)、杏13(杏F)两个菌株的菌丝生长较快,长势较好,菌丝浓密,原基分化快,栽培周期短;出菇产量高,生物学效率均大于70%;菌盖大小适中,菌柄长且粗壮,子实体个体大,单菇重量大,组织致密,子实体各项性状优良。因此,菌株杏01与杏13可作为杏鲍菇优良菌株进行示范推广。

The hyphae antagonism, hyphae growth characteristics, biological efficiency and fruit body morphology of 16 different strains of Pleurotus eryngii were comparatively studied, the results showed that P. eryngii varieties were confused, and phe- nomenon of different species with the same names and different names with the same species were seriously, strains of different names with the same species showed significant differences on biological characteristics. P. eryngii No.1 and P. eryngii No.13 were better than others, because their hyphae grew faster, better and thicker, and fast primordium differentiation led to short cultivation period. At the same time, their mushroom yield were also higher than others, and biological efficiency were greater than 70%. Cap size was moderate, stipe looked long and thick, and fruiting body was big and heavy, dense organization, fruiting body traits were superiored. On the whole, based on so many advantages, P. eryngii No.1 and P. eryngii No.13 could be used wildly as good P. eryngii strains.