“有用之用”“无用之用”以及“无用”——庄子对外物态度的分析

"The Advantage of Being Useful", "the Advantage of Being Useless" and "the Useless"

强调"无用之用"并不是庄子哲学的最高境界,因为"无用之用"仍是从"用"的立场观物,因而亦是有局限的。庄子不仅要人突破"有用之用"的藩蓠,以达到对于"无用之用"的知会与把握,更要人突破"用"的限制,达到不以"用"的眼光和立场观物、待物。因此,不以"用"的眼光和立场现物、待物,才是庄子所期许的最高境界。

The highest state of Chuang Tzu's philosophy does not arrive at the point of emphasizing the advantage of useless.In addition to 'the advantage of useless' which still focuses on seeing things from the perspective of 'use',another way of seeing and treating things is to see and to treat without the care of 'use'.Hence,in terms of seeing and treating things without the care of 'use',the limitation of 'the advantage of useless' has been shown.According to Chuang Tzu,apart from requiring people to get rid of the limitation of ' the advantage of use' thus to be able to take cognizance of 'the advantage of useless',he emphasized more on breaking through the restriction of 'use' thus to achieve the state of seeing and treating things without the care of 'use',and this state is right the highest state that Chuang Tzu expected.