儿童高血压的病因及鉴别诊断

Etiology and differential diagnosiof hypertension in children

儿童高血压指在至少3次血压测量中收缩压和／或舒张压均≥同年龄、同性别、同身高的血压第95百分位。大龄儿童原发性高血压多见，而年龄越小，继发性因素的可能性越大。继发性因素以肾血管疾病、肾实质疾病、心血管性疾病和内分泌疾病常见。根据病史、体格检查可初步分类原发性和继发性高血压，辅助检查可进一步协助诊断。儿童高血压发病率呈增高趋势，及时明确儿童高血压的诊断及其病因有助于对高血压进行有效的管理和治疗。

Hypertension in children and adolescentidefined asystoliblood pressure （SBP） and/odiastoliblood pressure （DBP） ≥95th percentile foage, gendeand height, on aleas3 occasions. Primary hypertension imore common among children of oldeage oadolescents, while secondary hypertension accountfomore casefoyoungechildren. Among causeof secondary hypertension, renovasculadiseases, renal parenehymal diseases, cardio- vasculadiseases, and endocrine diseaseare common. An initial evaluation can be reached aftehistory taking and physical examination, to decide whetheishould be primary osecondary hypertension. Laboratory testand procedurecan furtheconfirm the classification and etiology. There ian increase in prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents, and an in - time diagnosiand evaluation of hypertension iimportanto help patientreceive bettemanagemenof theiconditions.