全球化时代的民族寓言——当代中国科幻中的文化政治

National Allegory in the Era of Globalization:The Cultural Politics in Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction

本文首先简要勾勒自晚清至上世纪80年代的现代化历程中,中国科幻小说与"中国梦"之间的关系;继而进一步聚焦于1990年代以来中国社会与文化转型对于"新生代"科幻作家创作的影响,并通过具体的文本分析,深入探讨这一时期作品中的三个代表性议题:空间形象、种族形象与英雄形象;最后,借用詹姆逊"民族寓言"的概念,展现出当代中国科幻中的文化政治维度。本文认为,科幻小说反映的是现代资本主义所开启的工业化、城市化与全球化进程对于人类情感、价值、生活方式及文化传统的冲击。中国在这一进程中独特的现代性经验,造成了"中国科幻"的复杂与多元,也是其不同于"西方科幻"的价值所在。

This paper starts with a brief summary of the relationship between Chinese sci- ence fiction and the ＂Chinese Dream,＂ during the process of modernization from the late Qing to the 1980s. Then it focuses on how China＇s social and cultural transformations since the 1990s have influenced the so-called ＂Cenozoic Era＂ of science fiction writers, by ana- lyzing their typical works, and their three significant concerns： world image, race image, and hero image. Borrowing Fredric Jameson＇s concept of ＂national allegory,＂ the paper fi- nally shows the cultural politics in contemporary Chinese science fiction. The paper argues that science fiction reflects how feelings, values, ways of life, and traditions are influenced by industrialization, urbanization, and globalization, initiated by modem capitalism. Chi- nese science fiction＇s complexity and diversity, as well as its values that are alternative to Western science fiction, come from the unique Chinese experience of modernity.