克孜尔第123窟主室两侧壁画新探

A New Study on the Paintings on the Side Walls in Kizil Cave 123

克孜尔中心柱窟第123窟,主室侧壁的两幅壁画非常特殊,一反主室侧壁绘以坐佛为中心的说法图的规律,而是绘以立佛为中心的大型叙事画。这两幅壁画非常精美,是佛教艺术史上的精品。不过,这两幅壁画的内容和主题,至今尚未有人进行过专门研究。本文旨在探讨这两幅壁画的主题与意义,从性质及其构图分析它们与誓愿画的联系,指出它们应是誓愿画的先驱。并进一步揭示誓愿画背后所反映的菩萨思想。接受、提倡菩萨思想是7世纪以后中亚小乘部派的一大重要转变。

Among the central-pillared caves at the Kizil Grottoes, the two wall paintings on the side walls in the main chamber of cave 123 are very special. They are large narrative paintings focusing on a standing central Buddha and are completely different from the pattern of the preaching scenes on the side walls in the main chamber that mainly represent a sitting Buddha in the center. Both paintings are beautiful masterpieces of Buddhist art yet no research has been done on their contents and themes so far. This paper discusses the theme and meaning of the two paintings, analyzes the relationships in nature and composition between them and the paintings of pranidhi, and finally makes it clear that they are precursors of the paintings of pranidhi. It further elucidates the Bodhisattva philosophy underlying the paintings of pranidhi, noting that accepting and advocating the thought of Bodhisattva was a great change in Central Asian Hinayana Buddhism during the 7th century.