蒋介石基督徒身份的建构与民国基督徒的政治认同

The Construction of Chiang Kai-shek's Christian Identity and the Political Identification of Christians in Republican China

蒋介石受洗后频繁利用基督徒身份将中外信徒纳入其政治轨道,为构建党派和国家认同及开展外交活动服务。教方则根据需要对这个符号进行创造性诠释,作为一种彰显基督教吸引力的资源。在抗战前和战时蒋声誉上升之时,基督徒对蒋的信仰给予积极回应,他们建构蒋虔诚基督徒的形象并认同他为基督徒群体一员,在走向拥蒋和统一抗战政治认同的同时为传教张本。但在战后蒋权威失落之际,基督徒发生分化,通过建构蒋不同的信仰形象来为不同的政治认同铺路。

Since he was baptized, Chiang Kai-shek had tried to bring Western missionaries and Chinese Christians into his political community by making frequent use of his identity as a Christian. This was intended to construct party identification and political legitimacy. Christians used Chiang Kai-shek＇s Christian identity,through creative explanation, as a resource for making Christianity attractive to the Chinese public and demonstrating its validity in China. Before and during the Anti-Japanese War, Christians gave positive feedback to Chiang＇s belief and appeal. They portrayed Chiang as a pious Christian and regarded him as one of them in their efforts to expand the influence of Christianity. This also indicated they identified with Chiang and supported the leadership of Kuomintang. However, during the postwar years, Christians were divided as the authority of Chiang and Kuomintang collapsed. Some of them continued to identify with Chiang because of his belief, while others sought to separate Chiang from Christianity, hoping to avoid the risk of bringing harm to Christianity and paving the way to the construction of new political identification.