慈善商业化:国际经验的考察及中国的发展路径设计

Charity Commercialization:International Experience and China's Development Path

慈善商业化现象源起于西方国家从传统慈善事业迈向现代慈善事业的变革时代,并随着现代慈善事业的发展而发展。从功能上看,西方国家的慈善商业化,基本上可以归为开源型商业化、增效型商业化和盈利驱动型商业化。同时,不可否认,西方国家的慈善商业化也出现了许多异化形态。从西方慈善商业化发展的历史可以看出,科学、专业、透明、效率的现代慈善理念是慈善商业化健康发展的先导。市场经济长期发展所积累起来的巨额社会财富和发达的市场经济体系是慈善商业化重要的经济基础;慈善组织的专业化和职业化及其社会创新是慈善商业化发展最直接的推动和影响因素;有利的政策环境和信息技术的快速发展是慈善商业化发展的重要推动力。借鉴国际经验,当代中国慈善事业商业化的健康发展,需要加快政社分离,打破慈善垄断,积极引导和促进慈善组织的专业化和职业化;要加快培育现代慈善理念,为慈善商业化注入良性发展的内在驱动力;要构建一套综合有力的现代慈善监管体系,加强对慈善商业化的引导与规范。

Charity commercialization phenomenon in the world originated in times of the transition from traditional charity towards modern philanthropy,and has developed along with the development of modern philanthropy. Western charity commercialization can be functionally classified into three types：open-source type,synergistic type and profit-driven type.And it can not be denied that there are also some alienation phenomena during the charity commercialization.It has been shown in the history that the scientific,professional,transparent,efficient idea of modern philanthropy is the precursor of healthy charity commercialization.And also,a huge social wealth and developed market economic system,which were accumulated from long-term market economy development,have provided an important economic foundation for the development of charity commercialization;the specialization,occupation and social innovation of charity organizations is the most direct factor to promote and influence the development of charity commercialization;the favorable policy environment and rapid development of information technology have catalyzed the charity commercialization.China should learn from international experiences to promote the healthy development of charity commercialization by accelerating the separation of government and society,breaking the monopoly of charity,actively guiding and promoting the specialization and occupation of charity organizations,cultivating the idea of modern philanthropy,and building a comprehensive and powerful modern philanthropy supervision system to strengthen the guidance and regulation on the charity commercialization.