成功刻画特定历史环境的人物形象——《史记》列传历史编纂成就析论

The Historiographic Achievements of SHIJI: on Portraying Figures' Character in Historical Background in its Grouped Biographies

司马迁记述人物的成就有诸多方面,其中"成功地刻画特定历史环境的人物形象"尤其值得我们深入总结和大力阐释。《伍子胥列传》、《魏公子列传》、《袁盎晁错列传》等名篇,不仅展现了这些人物生动感人的性格、神采,而且深刻地反映出他们所处的不同时代的特点,因而为我们提供了撰写历史人物传记的成功典范。我们要认真借鉴《史记》的成功经验,努力实现对传统史学精华的创造性转化和创新性发展,不断探求在当今历史书写中如何做到既能生动地刻画人物的活动、性格、气质,又能凸显其所处的时代特点,从而有效地克服历史著作平淡乏味的缺陷,使我们撰写的史书更能受到大众的欢迎。

Among the ways that Sima Qian described historical figures,portraying the figures＇ character against historical background is quite notable. In the biographies of Wu Zixu,of Wei Wuji,and of Yuan Ang and Chao Cuo,etc,Sima Qian not only demonstrated these figures＇ character vividly,but also reflected the characteristics of their age,which set up a successful model for us. Today,the historians can learn from SHIJI,inherit its tradition and develop the new from the old,and grope the way to portray the historical figures ＇ character vividly in contemporary style. Only in this way can the historical writings be welcomed by the public.