云南云龙天池自然保护区龙马山黑白仰鼻猴种群动态调查

Population Dynamics of Black and White Snub- nosed Monkeys at Mt. Longma of Yunan Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve

黑白仰鼻猴分布最南部种群为龙马山种群,龙马山区域被云南松林、火烧地、耕地、村庄和牧场分割为5个相对独立的生境斑块。为了解龙马山黑白仰鼻猴种群数量变化及保护现状,于2011年03月开展种群数量调查。采用直接观察法记数猴群通过开阔地时的个体数量,基于性别年龄组和空间距离,收集繁殖单元(OMU)和全雄群(AMU)的数量和组成。调查结果表明,龙马山种群数量明显增长,已达127只,共有15个OMU单元和1个AMU。成年雌性与婴猴的比值为1.42∶1,说明种群仍有新婴猴出生,但成年个体与幼年个体比值接近1∶1,说明种群处于稳定状态。综合2个比值,说明种群数量已接近环境容纳量。分析造成生境退化的显性干扰和隐性干扰。建议开展跨保护区的黑白仰鼻猴联合保护工作,以更好地保护该区域的黑白仰鼻猴和其他物种。

Mountains Longma was the southern distribution area for Longma population of black and white snub- nosed monkey, Longma area was divided into five habitat patch by Yunnan pines forest, fired land, farm land, grazing land and villages. In order to understand population dynamic and conservation status, a survey of population dynamic was conducted in Mt. Longma in March 2011. The population of black and white snub - nosed monkey was counted while the monkey pass by opening site, on the base of sexual age and distance between individuals, and collecting data of one male unit （OMU） and all male units （AMU）. Results showed that the population was increased to 127 individual comparing to previous census, of which 15 OMU and 1 AMU. The ratio of adult female and infant was 1.42：1 which indica- ting new born infant population was still increasing. The ratio of adult individuals and immature is 1 ： 1, also indicating that dynamic of this population was stable. Those two ratios indicated that population ofYunnan snub -nosed monkey was close to the environment capacity. The explicit disturb factors and im-plicit disturb factors for habitat degrading have been analyzed in this paper. The suggestions of unitedprotection for Yunnan snub -nosed monkey and other species in Longma area have been carried out.