随迁儿童的社会融合与家庭影响

On the Social Integration of Immigrant Children and the Family Influence

家庭作为儿童社会化成长的主要场域,存在着诸多影响儿童社会融合的因素。本研究采用自编问卷,以481名随迁儿童为调查对象、287名农民工为访谈对象,对随迁儿童社会融合状况及其家庭影响因素进行了实证调查,结果显示随迁儿童社会融合总体状况不良,心理融合、结构融合、文化融合等各测量维度水平都明显偏低,其中学前儿童在某些测量指标上普遍优于小学段随迁儿童。此外,普通话良好、对所在城市有较丰富认知的随迁儿童的社会融合也相对较好。随迁儿童的社会融合与其父母的受教育水平及家庭内部的亲子交流均呈显著正相关,与其父母的年龄呈负相关,与其家庭经济收入的相关不显著。为促进随迁儿童的社会融合,一方面家庭、学校与社会应努力提高随迁儿童的普通话水平,提高其对所在城市的了解,另一方面随迁儿童父母应加强亲子交流,建立良好的亲子关系,并努力提高自身的社会融合能力,以发挥良好的榜样示范作用。

Abstract： Taking 481 immigrant children and 287 immigrant workers as the research samples, this study used self-made questionnaire and interview to survey the family factors influencing these children＇s social integration. The results showed that the social integration of immigrant children was not good. Their psychological integration, structural integration, cultural integration and other measuring dimensions were significantly low, while preschool children and those who could speak Mandarin and know well the city they were living in were a litter better. Immigrant children＇s social integration was related significantly positively with their parents＇ education level as well as the parent-child communication, but no significant correlation was found to the family income. Immigrant children should be given enough chances and help to master Mandarin and know more about the city in which they are living now. Their parents should improve the communication between them and their own social integration abilities.