旅游研究中建构主义方法论的合法性基础及其方法应用——兼议旅游世界的本质

Establishing the Legitimacy of Constructivist Methodology and Methods in the Study of Tourism: On the Essence of Tourism World

范式是研究者的基本理论框架和世界观,决定着知识生产的过程。方法论是某一种研究范式的体现,也是方法的理论。文章对建构主义范式在社会科学中的演进逻辑进行简要分析,并通过分析旅游世界的本质指出其方法论的合法性基础。从康德和李凯尔特哲学出发,文章指出,旅游世界是一个具有价值建构和带有主观体验的现象和意识的双重世界。旅游世界的本质决定了旅游研究的范式和方法论不能在本体论上化约人的主观意识;同时指出科学主义立场和价值中立应用于旅游研究的挑战和问题。最后概括阐释了建构主义运用的两大类方法:理解释义法以及表征研究法。

Paradigm provides the researchers with basic theoretical frameworks for their research thus to large extent decides the process of knowledge production. Methodology is the theoretical foundations for variety of methods and is the reflection of certain research paradigm. The article gives a brief analysis of constructivist methodology used in social sciences. By questioning the problem of objectivism and value- free in positivist research method, the article points out two theoretical foundations for constructivist approach： one is humanism tradition which emphasizes the significance of subjective consciousness and action; the other comes from sociology of scientific knowledge（SSK）which is based on restructuring traditional science. Based on Kant and Rickert＇s philosophy, the article argues that tourism world is in essence a dual world composed of both physical phenomenon and subjective consciousness and the reality of tourism world could be constructed both by society and individual experience. The characteristics of tourism world thus ensure the application of constructivist approach and methodology in tourism study and calls for more empirical research using the related methods. In the end the article classifies and gives general introduction to two types of methods in relation to constructivist approach： hermeneutic methods and representation methods.