模因论视角下《道德经》翻译的归化和异化

On the Domestication and Foreignization of Translation of "Tao Te Ching" from the Theory of Memetics

模因是一个单独个体将语言传递给另一个单独个体的认知行为模式。众所周知,模因也是最基本的文化单位之一。若是从源语模因的角度来看,翻译主要是通过语言将外来的模因引进而来;而从目的语模因的角度看,翻译则是一个模因传播、复制的过程。因此,翻译过程也可以被看做是借助语言媒介手段把异国文化的模因转变之后在本国进行传播。本文试图利用模因的概念,以《道德经》为主要翻译对象来进行实例研究,具体阐述翻译活动中的异化和归化策略的选择。

Meme is a cognitive behavioral code which passed the languages from one individual to the other. It is known that meme is one of the most fundamental cultural units. From the perspective of meme of source languages,translation is to introduce the foreign memes through languages; while from the perspective of meme of target languages,translation is a process of meme＇s transmission and imitation. Therefore,the process of translation can be considered as the foreign culture＇s transmission through the media of languages. This essay aims to make use of the concept of memes,taking the translation of Tao Te Ching as an example,to specifically discuss the translation strategies of domestication and foreignization.