北京心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂的相关因素

Related factors of attempted suicide among Beijing psychological aids hotline callers

目的:探讨心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂行为的发生情况及其相关因素,为制定自杀热线干预措施提供依据。方法:北京市心理援助热线接线员在2002-2008年接听全部有效来电时,询问来电者在2周内是否实施过自杀行为,使用抑郁症诊断筛查量表评估其抑郁情绪,询问来电者是否有过酒精或其他物质滥用或依赖、有无常见精神症状、既往自杀未遂史、急性和慢性生活事件、希望程度等与自杀行为有关因素。结果:有22 415个来电者被纳入研究。362个(1.6%)来电者报告了2周内实施过自杀行为,女性233人,男性129人。在控制了人口学因素等变量后,既往自杀未遂史(OR=4.43,95%CI:3.37-5.83)、无望(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.52-2.67)、物质滥用(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.48-2.62)、急性生活事件(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.49-2.52)及严重抑郁情绪(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.08-1.95)与来电者实施自杀未遂行为有关联。结论:心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂行为发生率较高,对该群体的自杀干预要注重既往自杀未遂史、物质使用及生活事件的应对。

Objectives： To explore the prevalence and correlates of attempted suicide among Beijing psychological aids hotline callers, in order to provide knowledge of hotline-based suicide prevention. Methods： From December 2002 to December 2008, all the effective callers who consulted themselves＇ psychological problem, by Bei- jing psychological aids hotline were interviewed by professional hotline operators during the consulting calling. Data of whether callers attempted suicidal behavior in 2 weeks prior to the calling, gender and other 5 demographic characteristics of callers were collected via hotline interview. A questionnaire including depression screening scale, com- mon psychiatric symptoms such as delusion, hallucination, etc., a history of substance abuse or dependence, a histo- ry of suicidal behavior, having had acute or chronic life events, and severity of hopeless was used during hotline in- terview. Logistic regression model was used. Results： In 22 415 interviewed callers, 362 （ 1.6% ） callers （233 females） reported that they attempted suicidal behavior in 2 weeks prior to the calling. After adjusted for demographic characteristics, prior suicidal behavior 2 weeks before calling （ OR = 4.43, 95% CI： 3.37 - 5.83）, hopelessness （ OR = 2.01,95% CI： 1.52 - 2. 67）, substance abuse （ OR = 1.97, 95% CI： 1.48 - 2. 62）, acute negative life events （ OR = 1.94, 95% CI： 1.49 -2. 52）, and severe depressive symptoms （OR = 1.45, 95% CI： 1.08 - 1.95） were associated with attempted suicide among hotline callers. Conclusion： The rates of attempted suicide among hotline callers are probably high. Suicide prevention in hotline would shed light on improving coping skills for life events and substance abuse problems for hotline callers.