1961-2010年贵州省高温气候的时空分布特征

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristic of High Temperature in Guizhou during 1961-2010

为贵州防灾减灾以及高温气象灾害风险区域划分提供科学依据,利用1961-2010年贵州省81个气象站的逐日最高气温资料,采用线性趋势分析等方法,研究贵州省近50年高温时空的分布特征。结果表明:近50年来,贵州省年高温日数为7.3d,7-8月出现频率最大,占全年的75.6%;高温日数以0.25d/10a的速率呈较弱的增加趋势,平均最高气温和极端最高温度分别以0.12℃/10a、0.41℃/10a的速率显著增加。多年平均高温日数以铜仁市、黔东南州、黔南州及遵义市北部分布较多,最高值为29.9d。高温日数,黔西南州、黔南州、黔东南州及黔西北的大部分地区呈较小的上升趋势,镇远、铜仁、剑河、兴义、天柱和赤水等较少站点呈下降趋势;极端最高气温有2个极值中心,分别位于黔南的都匀(47.3℃)和黔北的赤水(42.3℃)。

The spatial and temporal distribution characteristic of high temperature was studied by the linear trend analysis based on the day-by-day data of 81 meteorological stations in Guizhou during 1961-2010 to provide the scientific basis for prevention and reduction of natural disasters and division of high temperature meteorological disaster risk areas.The results show that there are 7.3 d with high temperature,which mainly occurs in July and August,accounts for 75.6% of total year.The days with high temperature show a weakly rising trend with 0.25d/10 arate,and average maximum temperature and extreme maximum temperature significantly increase by 0.12℃/10 aand 0.41℃/10 arate respectively.Average annual days with high temperature mainly distribute Tongren City,Qiandongnan Prefecture,Qiannan Prefecture and Northern Zunyi City and the maximum day number is up to 29.9d.The number of high temperature day in Qianxinan Prefecture,Qiandongnan Prefecture,Qiannan Prefecture and most areas of Northwestern Guizhou shows a slight rising trend but the number of high temperature days in Zhengyun,Tongren,Jianhe,Xingyi,Tianzhu and Chishui appears a declining trend.Two extremum centers of extreme high temperature locate in Duyun（47.3℃）and Chishui（42.3℃）separately.