作为通识教育的高职教育:国外经验及中国观照

Higher Vocational Education as General Education: Overseas Experience and China's Contemplation

中国高职院校开展通识教育是一个悬而未决的政策问题。在总结国外高职教育发展经验的基础上分析中国高职通识教育发展困境,并提出相应解决方案。发达国家高职院校在开展通识教育上形成各具特色的模式,以求完善学生人格,推动产业升级和促进学习型社会建设。受到专业课程过度设置和相关因素影响,中国高职院校尚未有效开展通识教育。在化解开展通识教育阻力中,中国高职院校既需要将培养应用型全人作为通识教育目标,又需要将精选的通识课程通识教育手段,以及开展在课堂外职业通识教育和加强通识教育评价。

The Development of China＇s higher vocational general education is a pending policy issue. This paper analyzes difficulties in the development of China＇s higher vocational general education and proposes corresponding solution. Higher vocational schools in developed countries form mode of general education development with special features of their own so as to improve students＇ personality, propel industrial upgrading and promote the construction of learning society. Under the influence of overly set specialty course and pertinent factors, China＇s higher vocational schools have not effectively developed general education. In alleviating resistance to the development of general education, China＇s higher vocational schools need to not only regard the cultivation of applied total person as the objective of general education, but also regard selected general courses as the means of general education as well as develop extracurricular vocational-general education and enhance general education assessment.