论律师—当事人保密特权和律师工作成果保护的共同因素——以两者的证明责任承担为视角

Study of Commonalities of Attorney-Client Privilege and Work-Product Protection from Perspective of Proof Burden

律师-当事人保密特权和律师工作成果保护是英美法系证据特权规则中最具有学术研究意义和价值的核心内容。这两项特权制度的存在不仅可以更好地保护当事人的权利,而且对于健全律师制度、促进律师在法律事务中发挥更大的作用具有重要的意义。本文以证明责任的承担为视角,对美国证据法中的律师-当事人保密特权和律师工作成果保护这两项特权制度进行了细致的研究,从而归纳出二者的共同因素,并结合中国的立法现状,分析了我国民事证据法中律师-当事人保密特权和律师工作成果保护制度设立的必要性和可行性,从立法方式、特权规则范围、特权规则的负面效应、审前程序以及一系列的相关规则等方面对在我国构建这两项特权规则提出了具体的建议。

Attorney-client privilege and work-product protection constitute the core of the privilege rules of evidence in the common law, and are of great academic value. They not only help protect better the rights of the concerned parties, but also facilitate the development of lawyer system, and explore their bigger role. This paper analyzes these two mechanisms from perspective of proof burden, and finds out their commonalities. Viewing the status quo in China, the paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of adding up similar clauses to the Civil Evidence Act, and proposes measures to deal with the problems in terms of approaches, coverage, side-effects, and pre-trial proceedings and a series of related rules.