非人化研究:理论比较及其应用

Dehumanization: Theoretical Comparison and Application

非人化是指对他人人性特征感知的减少,作为一种重要心理现象,近年来受到越来越多心理学家的关注。首先,最具代表性的4个理论是"低人化理论"、"双分类模型"、"刻板印象内容理论"和"心智感知理论",它们的理论基础各异,关注的现象又有交集。其次,非人化现象在不同领域得到应用,包括族群和种群、对女性的感知、临床医疗和社会司法。最后,未来研究可从4个方面开展:(1)自我人性化;(2)被非人化效应;(3)对动物的感知;(4)物化。

As one of important psychological phenomena of human society, dehumanization--the reduced perception of person＇s humanity--has been paid attention by psychologists in recent years. In the field of social psychology, four most representative theories of dehumanization are ＂the infrahumanization theory＂, ＂the dual model of dehumanization＂, ＂the stereotype content theory＂ and ＂the mind perception theory＂, which have distinctive theoretical bases and predictions. The latest empirical researches mostly focus on four fields： race and ethnicity, perception of women, medical treatment and social justice. Further researches on dehumanization can be improved in the following aspects, including 1） self-humanization, 2） perspective of being dehumanized, 3） perceptions of animals and 4） objectification.