云南洱源北山土坑墓出土铜器的初步研究

A preliminary study of the Yunnan Eryuan North Mountain pit tombs unearthed bronzes

为研究云南洱海区域青铜文化的金属技术,该文对滇西北的洱源县三营乡北山土坑墓地出土13件铜器进行了分析和研究,发现该土坑墓地出土的铜器材质有多样化的特色,除主要是红铜和铜锡合金外,个别样品出现了铜锡铅合金(Cu-Sn-Pb)、铜铅锑合金(Cu-Pb-Sb合金)以及含砷的铜锡金属(CuSn(As))。部分铜器样品进行了金相分析,多数器物为铸造而成,另有少数器物为热锻加工而成。有的器物在制造时进行了冷加工处理。该墓葬群的铜器还出现了表面镀锡技术,说明在春秋战国之交,镀锡技术已从西北地区传入了洱海以北的地区。

In order to study the metal technology of bronze culture in Yunnan Erhai area, this research has analyzed 13 bronze wares excavated from the Baishan pit tomb of Eryuan county located in northwest of Yunnan. The results show that the bronze samples of this tomb have many different types. In addition to red copper and copper-tin alloys, some samples are copper-tin-lead alloy （Cu-Sn-Pb） and copper-lead-antimony alloy （Cu-Pb-Sb）. Metallographic analysis has shown that most of those bronze samples were casted. Few were hot-forged. Some of them were treated by cold working when they were being made. The surfaces of bronze wares in this tomb also show the evidence of tin plating technology. That is to say, the tin plating technology had been spread into the northem Erhai from northwest of China during the time between spring and autumn period and warring states period.