铝-锂合金废料的回收与再生

Recovery and recycle of Al-Li alloy scraps

铝-锂合金主要是指w(Li)≤2.6%的2×××系合金与w(Li)≤2.8%的5×××系合金,而以锂为第一合金元素的铝-锂合金只有8024、8090、8091、2093等少数合金。虽然早在20世纪20年代初德国就研制成名为Sckron的含锂的铝合金,但铝-锂合金的真正有效应用是20世纪60年代以后,现在它们已在航空航天器上获得成功应用,因此如何回收、处理与再生利用其废料是亟待解决的问题。铝-锂合金废料的熔炼不同于常规废铝的熔炼,关键是不易控制杂质,特别是钾与钠的含量。目前再生处理铝-锂合金的工艺有4种:提取纯锂;提取锂化物;处理成为另一种铝-锂合金;处理成为原种铝-锂合金。

Al-Li alloy mainly refers to 2000 series alloys with w（Li） ≤2.6% and 5000 series alloys with w （Li） ≤2.8%. Li is regarded as the first alloy element only in 8024, 8090,8091,2093 Al-Li alloys. As early as 1920s, German has developed Al-Li alloy named Sckron ,whereas it was after 1960s that its utility was really found. So far they have been successfully applied on the space craft. Thus how to recover, handle and recycle its scraps becomes a problem to be solved. Smelting of Al-Li alloy scraps is different from that of common waste aluminum. Impurity （especially K and Na） content is difficult to control in the former one. Currently four types of technologies of recycling Al-Li alloy include extracting pure lithium, extracting lithium complex, transforming them into another Al-Li alloy, and returning to original alloy.