高效低耗的甘薯脱毒苗快繁技术研究

Study on the high efficiency and low-expensive rapid propagation technology in virus-free sweet potato seedling

[目的]建立一套高效和低耗的甘薯脱毒苗快繁技术,以适应工厂化生产的需要。[方法]以‘甘薯一号’脱毒试管苗为材料,采用单因素和正交试验相结合的方法,设计不同的MS培养基类型、支持物、水源、光源、糖源及糖浓度等处理,分析不同处理和培养条件对试管苗切段新生叶片数、根生长数、新生茎尖数和株高增加值的影响。[结果]单因素结果表明:1/2MS、无支持物、自来水、日光灯和60 g·L-1绵白糖分别为各自的最佳培养条件,它们新生叶片数分别为4.83、4.67、5.00和5.33;根生长数为2.17、1.67、1.67和1.50;茎尖生长数为6.67、5.33、5.67和5.17;株高增加值为2.17、3.08、2.73和2.50 cm。正交分析表明:各因素的影响从大到小依次为光源、支持物、培养基类型、水源、绵白糖浓度、糖源。[结论]最佳培养条件组合为1/2MS+无支持物(液体浅层培养)+自来水+LED灯+30 g·L-1绵白糖。在此条件下,脱毒苗表现为繁殖周期短,生长和形态最优,且生产成本降低了81.04%以上。

[ Objectives ] In this research, the objective was to establish an efficient and low-expensive rapid propagation technology for the virus-free sweet potato,to meet the needs of industrial production. [ Methods] The virus-free sweet potato＇ Ganshu 1＇ plantlets were studied by the single factor and orthogonal test methods. The culture conditions （medium type, sustentation, water source, light source,carbohydrate source and sugar concentration）were analyzed. The morphological indices （leaves, roots, stem tip and added value of plant height） were measured and evaluated. [ Results ] The single factor results revealed that the plantlets cultured on the 1/2MS medium, shallow-layer liquid medium, tap water-fluorescent light and 60 g·L^-1 soft sugar accordingly had the optimal indices with new leaves 4.83,4.67,5.00 and 5.33;roots 2.17,1.67 1.67 and 1.50;stem tip 6.67,5.33,5.67 and 5.17;and added value of plant height 2.17,3.08,2.73 and 2.50 cm, respectively. The order and contribution rate of every culture condition on the target index was as follows ： light, sustentation, medium type, water, soft sugar concentration, and carbohydrate source. [ Conclusions ] The optimal culture condition was 1/2MS＋ shallow-layer liquid medium＋tap water＋ LED lights ＋ 30 g· L^-1 soft sugar in virus-free sweet potato seedling rapid propagation. The virus-free sweet potato seedlings showed the best growth performances using the optimal culture condition. Additionally, it can shorten the culture period and furthermore reduce more than 81.04% cultivating cost.