密度与播期对晋西旱作玉米农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density and Sowing Date on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Dry-land Maize in Western Shanxi

为了研究不同玉米品种在晋西旱作条件下的最佳栽培模式,采用3因素随机区组设计,对3个耐密型品种在4个种植密度和3个播期下的农艺性状及产量的数值差异进行比较研究。结果表明,密度对3个品种的最大叶面积指数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量的影响达显著或极显著水平,对株高、穗位高的影响不显著;播期对株高、穗位高、最大叶面积指数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量的影响达显著或极显著水平,主要农艺性状之间的交互作用共同影响并且决定了玉米产量。综合分析可知:‘先玉335’和‘大丰30’在67500株/hm2和5月中旬处理组合下产量最高,分别为13914.17 kg/hm2、13487.67 kg/hm2;‘福盛园55’在75000株/hm2和4月下旬处理组合下,产量最高为16114.37 kg/hm2,本研究为3个玉米品种在本地区获得高产提供了一定的技术支撑。

In order to investigate the optimum cultivation models of different maize varieties under dry-landconditions in western Shanxi, a field trial with three factors random configuration design was conducted withthree maize varieties, four kinds of planting densities and three sowing dates. The differences of agronomiccharacters and yield under the different experimental conditions were analyzed. The results showed that themaximum leaf area index, grain number per ear, 1000- grain weight, yield of three maize varieties weresignificantly or extremely significantly influenced, but plant height, height of ear position were not significantlyaffected by planting density; effects of sowing date on plant height, height of ear position, maximum leaf areaindex, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, yield of three maize varieties were significant or extremelysignificant; the interaction among agronomic characters influenced the maize yield. Comprehensive analysisshowed that the yield of‘Xianyu 335＇and‘Dafeng 30＇were 13914.17 kg/hm2 and 13487.67 kg/hm2 andreached the highest at a density of 67500 plants/hm2 and a sowing date of mid-May; the yield of‘Fushengyuan55＇reached the highest of 16114.37 kg/hm2 at a density of 75000 plants/hm2 and a sowing date of late April.The study could provide a technical support for the three maize varieties to achieve high yield in the region.