夏播播期对玉米品种‘郑黄糯2号’产量和鲜食品质的影响

Effects of Different Summer Sowing Dates on Yield and Fresh Food Quality of Corn Variety ‘Zhenghuangnuo 2’

为确定糯玉米新品种‘郑黄糯2号’的夏播适宜播期,比较了7个不同播期(5月21日、5月26日、5月31日、6月5日、6月10日、6月15日、6月20日)下‘郑黄糯2号’的生育进程、农艺性状、产量及鲜食品质。结果表明,随播期推迟,‘郑黄糯2号’各生育阶段持续时间均缩短,粗缩病率降低。与5月21日播种相比,6月5日播期处理的生育期缩短13天,粗缩病则由11.26%减少到3.47%;6月20日播期处理的生育期缩短28天,无粗缩病害发生。随播期推迟,穗长、穗粗和穗行数变化不明显,行粒数减少,秃尖长增加,产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。6月5日播期处理行粒数比5月21日播种减少12.12%,秃尖增加到0.06 cm,而较6月20日播期处理行粒数增加2.00%,但秃尖长减少1.47 cm,该播期处理的产量最高(11268.58 kg/hm2),分别较5月21日、6月20日播期处理增产6.81%、27.81%。在鲜食品质方面,籽粒粗淀粉含量和皮渣率随着采收期延迟而增加,但可溶性糖含量则相反;相同采收期下,‘郑黄糯2号’的鲜食品质表现为播期越早越好。综合以上因素和生产实际,‘郑黄糯2号’夏播的适宜播期为5月25日到6月5日,且在小麦收获后尽可能早播。

The field experiments of 7 kinds of seeding-date（ May 21, May 26, May 31, June 5, June 10, June15, June 20） of new corn variety‘Zhenghuangnuo 2＇were conducted to find the most suitable sowing-date in2013. With the delay of sowing date, duration of each corn growth stage was shortened, the rate of rough dwarfdisease reduced. Comparing with sowing date of May 21, the growth period was shortened for 13 d and 28 dwhen sowing date was on June 5 and June 20, and the rate of maize rough dwarf disease was 3.47% and 0,respectively. With the sowing date delayed, ear length, ear diameter and ear rows had no obvious change,kernels per row reduced and bald tip length increased, the yield of‘Zhenghuangnuo 2＇first increased andthen decreased. Kernels per row reduced by12.12% and bald tip length increased by 0.06 cm under sowingdate of June 5 comparing with sowing date of May 21, while kernels per row increased by 2.00% and bald tip length reduced by 1.47 cm comparing with sowing date of June 20. The yield was the highest（11268.58 kg/hm2）under the sowing date of June 5, and it increased by 6.81% and 27.81% than that of sowing date of May 21 andJune 20. With the sowing date delayed, the crude starch content and skin dregs ratio of grain increased andsoluble sugar content decreased. Under the same harvest time, the earlier the sowing date the better the freshfood quality of‘Zhenghuangnuo 2＇. Taking above factors and production practice into account, the suitablesowing date of‘Zhenghuangnuo 2＇was from May 25 to June 5, and the corn should be sowed as early aspossible after the wheat harvesting.