河南省苹果腐烂病发病状况与病因分析

Incidence Status and Etiological Analysis of Apple Canker in Henan Province

为明确河南省不同地区苹果腐烂病发生状况和危害程度,对河南省25个果园苹果腐烂病发生情况做调查与聚类分析,依据不同地区果园腐烂病发病率与病情指数差异,可聚为4类。4种类别的果园平均病株率依次为90.4%、77.0%、26.0%、18.7%,病情指数为61.8、31.0、11.5、5.3。同时对1758个病斑分析,看出不同地区发病病疤以愈合病疤为主,其次为新生病疤,而复发病疤较少,分别占病斑总数的49.8%、35.1%、15.1%。病疤分布主要以主枝、侧枝或结果枝组等分枝为主,主干、领导干较少,且病疤以向阳面居多,阴面较少。剪锯口发病占57.5%,是发病的主要原因之一。说明河南省苹果腐烂病发生存在普遍性,不同地区或同一地区果园间发病存在多样性。剪口伤对发病具有重要影响。

An investigation was carried out in 25 orchards in order to determine the occurrence and damagedegree of apple canker in different regions of Henan province. These orchards were clustered into 4 categoriesbased on apple canker disease incidence and disease index differences by the method of cluster analysis. Themorbidity of the 4 groups was 90.4%, 77.0%, 26.0% and 18.7%, respectively, and disease index was 61.8,31.0, 11.5 and 5.3, respectively. Meanwhile, analysis of 1758 disease spots in different regions showed that thehealing spots were the main disease spots（49.8%）, followed by the new infected spots（35.1%）, and the leastwas recurrent spots（15.1%）. The spots of the disease were mainly distributed in main branches, lateralbranches and bearing branches, and less in trunk and the central trunk. Disease scars were generally in thedayside, and those in the nightside were relatively less. Pruning wound was one of the major causes of diseaseoccurrence, accounted for 57.5%.The results showed that apple canker universally occurred in Henanprovince, the disease was diversified among different regions or orchards in the same area. Snip injury hadimportant effects on the disease.