长江下游沿江湿地安庆地区历史洪灾特征研究

Research on Characteristics of Historical Flood Events in Anqing Area,An Riparian Wetland in Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

依据安庆历史时期以来的洪水灾害史料、水文站记录、水文碑刻等资料,主要考查了西汉初元五年(44BC)至2013年的洪水发生频率及其与气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:安庆历史时期洪灾在隋唐温湿时期并不多发,而在明清和两宋的气候异常波动和冷暖交替时期,在册次数较多,且灾情严重。1440年以来,安庆地区为多灾期,特别是清后期(1840年)至民国,是安庆洪水发生频率最高的时期,洪水发生频率为31.00次/50年,明末至清朝中期,洪水发生频率分别为19.00次/50年,元初至明朝末期,洪水发生频率为6.83次/50年;北宋中后期至元初、三国后期至东晋、西汉末年为少灾时期,洪水发生频率为2次/50年。从灾害程度来看,1440年以来,安庆发生1级洪灾有71次,2级灾害(偏涝)有154次;1440年以前,2级洪灾有3次,1级洪灾0次。

Based on the historical data of flood damage, the records of local hydrological stations, and the hydrologic inscrip- tion data of Anqing area, we mainly examined the flood frequency and its relationship with the climatic changes in this area from 44BC to 2013. The results indicated that： in Anqing area, flood event occurred not many in the thermal-humid period of Sui and Tang dynasties, while it occurred more and seriously in the temperature change period of Ming, Qing and Song dynasties. The flood frequency in Anqing area was high since the year 1440, and it was the highest （31.00 times/50 a） from the later Qing dynasty （1840） to the Republic of China. The flood frequency in Anqing area was 19.00 times/50 a from the later Ming dynasty to the mid- die Qing dynasty, was 6.83 times/50 a from the earlier Yuan dynasty to the later Ming dynasty, and was 2.00 times/50 a from the middle and later Northern Song dynasty to the earlier Yuan dynasty, from the later Three Kingdoms to the Eastern Jin dynasty, and in the later Western Han dynasty. Since the year 1440, there were 71 times l-level flood （waterlogging） damage, and 154 times 2- level flood （partial waterlogging） damage in Anqing area. Before the year 1440, 2-level and 1-level flood damage occurred for 3 times and 0 times respectively.