4Kajiyama Y, Iwanuma Y, Tomita N, et al. Esophageal can- cer surgery; importance of surgical quality control[J]. Jpn J Thorac Surg, 2005,58 ( 1 ) : 58-65.
5Pham TH, Perry KA, Dolan JP, et al. Comparison of peri- operative outcomes after combined thoracoscopic-laparo-scopic esophagectomy and open Ivor-Lewis esophagecto- my[J]. Am J Surg,2010,199(5) :594-598.
6Okushiba S,Ohno K,Itoh K. Hand-assisted endoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer[J]. Surg Today, 2003,33(2):158-161.
7Swanstrom LL,Hansen P. Laparoscopic today esophagec- tomy[J].Arch Surg, 1997,132(9):943-947.
8Lewis I. The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oe- sophagus:with special reference to a new operation for growths of the middle third[J]. Br J Surg, 1946,34(1) : 18.
9Roig-Garcia J,Girones-Vila J,Garsot-Savall E,et al. Transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy using mini- mally invasive techniques. Experience in 50 patients[J]. Cir Esp, 2008,83 (4) : 180-185.
10Saad S, Goh P, Nagelschmidt M. The technique of laparo- scopic-thoracoscopic esophageal resection for esophageal cancer-first experiences[ J ]. Zentralbl Chir, 2004,129 (6) : 497-501.
