正字戏《三元记》渊源考

The Origin of the Zhengzi Opera“Sanyuanji”

《三元记》是明代重要的传奇作品,也是正字戏重要的传统剧目。正字戏《三元记》与明代弋阳腔、青阳腔《三元记》有着千丝万缕的联系。相对于弋阳腔刊本,正字戏《三元记》在关目设置、人物形象的塑造上更接近于青阳腔系统刊本。而在"改调而歌"的过程中,正字戏受青阳腔"滚调"影响较深,它将青阳腔刊本中的"滚白""滚唱"改编为"畅滚",同时也对青阳腔系统刊本做出了符合"舞台化"需要的自我改编。因此,正字戏《三元记》应是在青阳腔系统底本上改编而成的。

Sanyuanji is an important repertoire of legendary opera written in the Ming Dynasty, and a traditional repertoire of Zhengzi opera. The Zhengzi opera ＂Sanyuanji＂ has a close connection with those of the Yiyangqiang opera and Qingyangqiang opera. The plot arrangement and characterization of the Zhengzi opera Sanyuanji is closer to that of the Qingyangqiang opera than that of the Yiyangqiang opera. In the process of adaptation, Zhengzi opera was deeply influenced by Qingyangqiang opera, of which the ＂long spoken parts＂ and ＂long lyrics＂ were adapted into ＂super long lyrics＂ in Zhengzi opera. At the meantime, Zhengzi opera adapted the text of Qingyangqiang opera and made it suitable for stage performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Zhengzi Opera Sanyuanji was adapted from the text of Qingyangqiang opera.